{"id":1871,"date":"2026-06-30T15:57:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T13:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/?p=1871"},"modified":"2026-07-09T09:08:39","modified_gmt":"2026-07-09T07:08:39","slug":"%d9%84%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%ab%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/?p=1871","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Gawthrop, Louis C. Public Sector Management, System, and Ethics, Indiana University, Press, Bloomington, 1984.<\/li><li>Gawthrop, Louis C. Bureaucratic Behavior in the Executive Branch. The Free Press, NY, 1969.<\/li><li>Gawthrop, Louis C., ed. The Administrative Process and Democratic Theory. Houghton- Mifflin, Boston, 1970.<\/li><li>Gawthrop, Louis C. Administrative Politics and Social Change. St Martin\u2019s Press, NY, 1971.<\/li><li>Gawthrop, Louis C. Public Service and Democracy: Ethical Imperatives for the 21st Century.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Bertalanffy Luding Von., General System Theory, NY, George Braziller, 1968, 2004.<\/li><li>Bertalanffy, Luding Von. \u201cThe Theory of Open System in Physics and Biology\u201d. Science III, 1950:25.<\/li><li>Mccurdy Howard E. Public Administration: A Bibliographic Guide to the Literature. Marcel Dekker, NY, 1985.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645 (2008)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645:&nbsp;\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629).<br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978- 1984\u0645. \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/?p=1871\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628<\/span> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1410,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[11],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1871"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1871"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1871\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1872,"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1871\/revisions\/1872"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1410"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1871"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1871"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}