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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0645 1886\u0645 \u06481921\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643\n\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\n\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 &#8220;\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639&#8221; 1883\u0645\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0644\n\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; 1905\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Towne, Henry Robinson, &#8220;The Engineer as an Economist&#8221; Presented at the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Meeting, NY, 1886.<\/li><li>Towne, Henry Robinson, &#8220;Gain Sharing&#8221; Published by The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), NY, 1921.<\/li><li>Towne, Henry Robinson, &#8220;The Evolution of Industrial Management&#8221;, Published by The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), NY, 1921.<\/li><li>Towne, Henry Robinson, A Treaties on Cranes, Harcourt, Brace and Howe, INC, NY, 1883.<\/li><li>Towne, Henry Robinson, Locks and Builder Hardware, Brace and Howe, INC, NY, 1905.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>George, Claude S. Jr., &#8220;The History of Management Thought&#8221;, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1972.<\/li><li>Heyel, Carl, &#8220;The Encyclopedia of Management&#8221;, Second Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, Litton Educational Publishing, Inc., 1973.<\/li><li>The Dictionary of American Biography, Scribner Publishing Company, 1981.<\/li><li>Wortman, Leon A., &#8220;A Deskbook of Business Management Terms,&#8221; Amacom, A Division of American Management Associations, 1979.<\/li><li>Wren, Daniel A., &#8220;The Evolution of Management Thought&#8221;, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., 1979.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645 (2008)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645: \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629).<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 (28 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1844\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a 12 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1868\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a 14 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1924\u0645. \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/?p=2818\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/span> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2819,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[11],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2818"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2818"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2818\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2820,"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2818\/revisions\/2820"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2819"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2818"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arado.org\/MNGNews\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}